"An Interhemispheric Tropical Sea Level Seesaw due to El Niño Taimasa," by M. J. Widlansky et al., J. Clim., 27 (2014); doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00276.1

Journal of Climate, 27 (2014) 1070–1081; doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00276.1

An interhemispheric tropical sea level seesaw due to El Niño taimasa

Matthew J. Widlansky, Axel Timmermann, Shayne McGregor, Malte F. Stuecker and Wenju Cai

Abstract

During strong El Niño events, sea level drops around some tropical western Pacific islands by up to 20–30 cm. Such events (referred to as taimasa in Samoa) expose shallow reefs, thereby causing severe damage to associated coral ecosystems and contributing to the formation of microatolls. During the termination of strong El Niño events, a southward movement of weak trade winds and the development of an anomalous anticyclone in the Philippine Sea are shown to force an interhemispheric sea level seesaw in the tropical Pacific that enhances and prolongs extreme low sea levels in the southwestern Pacific. Spectral features, in addition to wind-forced linear shallow water ocean model experiments, identify a nonlinear interaction between El Niño and the annual cycle as the main cause of these sea level anomalies.

http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00276.1