Climate blame: send for the lawyers
by NewScientist, November 13, 2011
There's a way to curb carbon emissions without having to wait for governments to forge a global climate deal
WITH a global economic meltdown on the cards, it is hardly surprising that most people are distracted from thinking about what the climate will be like in a century's time. If we do consider climate change, it is usually about what's happening today. Climate scientists dismiss such concerns as short-sighted, but they are wrong to ignore the public. As Myles Allen of the University of Oxford put it: "These people pay our salaries, we should be testing the hypotheses they care about."
That is why deciding whether or not extreme weather events can be blamed on human emissions is so important. Forget future doomsdays. We need to figure out if we are the cause of the recent inundation of Bangkok in Thailand and the unseasonal US snowstorms, or last year's floods in Pakistan and heatwave in Russia. Only then will the world take climate change seriously (see "The climate blame game" and "The climate forecast").
Attribution is critical because the urgency of the 2009 climate talks in Copenhagen, Denmark, has evaporated. Russia and Japan have walked away from imposing legally binding targets as government ministers plan to resume the pursuit of a new global climate agreement later this month in Durban, South Africa. The US administration is impotent. And while last year saw the biggest ever annual surge in global greenhouse gas emissions (see "Huge rise in emissions as world economy de-greens"), even Germany is planning to shut down its nuclear power stations. Such knee-jerk responses to the Fukushima nuclear plant disaster in Japan can only raise carbon emissions.
Evidence that links climate change to the deaths of tens of thousands of people and billions of dollars in damage would concentrate minds. But it might be a game changer in other ways. In the absence of a global deal by governments, private litigants may take up cudgels. Just as people with cancer led the charge against tobacco companies, so the victims of climate disasters might assail big oil and big coal, provided their claims rest on sound science.
As long ago as 2005, Allen told New Scientist that the legal route would have more impact on climate change than governments: "Just the possibility of legal action would have a big effect... in boardrooms."
The truth is that we know little about how climate change will pan out - still less how it will influence climate disasters. The Stern Review, published for the UK government in 2006, argued that super-hurricanes, mega heatwaves and the like will cause trillions of dollars in damage annually by 2100.
As one measure of the uncertainties, the review's arch critic, Yale University economist Robert Mendelsohn, now says it will be more like tens of billions of dollars in a study that the World Bank has been dithering about publishing. An Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on extreme climate events due out later this month won't take us much further.
By trying to peer into the future, we are ignoring the here and now. Allen is right. Today is what matters most to people. If, as many suspect, our fingerprints are all over recent climate disasters, then we have a crime scene. But before the lawyers can do their stuff, we have to send for forensics.
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